Increase in frequency of urine (polyuria) more at night (Nocturia)Increase in thirst (Polydypsia).Increase in appetite (Polyphagia)Unexplained weight loss & Weakness and Giddiness,COMMON SYMPTOMS OF DIABETESPruritus – Generalized – Itching all over the body. Pruritus Vulva – Itching specially over female genitalias. Balanitis – Scratches, whiteness, reddness, itching at forskin over penis in males.OTHER SYMPTOMSCramps in legs.Impotence (Sexual weakness) in males.Tingling & numbness in lower limbs (feet) & upper limbs (Hands) — (Parasthesia).Repeated infection: Boils / Carbuncles (boil with multiple openings) etc.DIABETES DETECTED DURING THE COURSE OF OTHERILLNESSESFeverHepatitis (Jaundice)Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)DepressionCraniopathies Herpes ZosterMyocardial Infarction (Heart attack)Cerebro Vascular Accident (Paralysis in any part of body)Arthritis (joint pains)Other Endocrinal Disorder (acromegaly, cushing disease etc.)CASES REFERRED FROM OTHER DEPARTMENTSEYE DEPTT. (Ophthomology): Eye complaints leading to detection of diabetes.Frequent changes in spectacles (Refractory Errors)Repeated stye (infection) Repeated Corneal erosionsPremature Cataract Retinopathy etc.GYNAECOLOGICAL COMPLAINTS :Repeated abortionsCongenital Malfoitned BabyBig baby deliverySudden intra-uterine foetal deathSmall for gestational age, HydroamnioasRepeated UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)As a screening procedure during pregnancyPre-operative screeningDelayed wound healingPolycystic ovaries (Insulin resistance syndrome) etc.DENTAL COMPLAINTS :Tooth acheTooth extractionSepsisInfectionBefore dental surgerySURGICAL COMPLAINTS 
re-operative screening Delayed wound healingCarbuncle Diabetic foot — first presentation Infective Ulcer or GangreneAfter Trauma / injury / accident first time diabetes detectsAbscess / Sepsis / anywhere in bodyPost-operative upper abdomen surgery (occasional)ENT COMPLAINTS :VertigoRepeated sorethroatInfection — Nasal, Ear, Tonsilar, ParatonsillarAbscess — Nasal, septum, Ac SOM, Ch SOM (Suppurative Otitis Media)Hearing Loss — May be first presentation in old age. ORTHOPAEDIC COMPLAINTS:Frozen Shoulder (painful movement) Infection: Bone & JointsAbscessTubercular (Potts Spines) Trauma and Fractures, Pre-operative detectionDelayed or non-healing / non union of fractures,Backache Spondylosis etc.SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE : Infection – Fungal, Viral, Bacterial Skin pigmentation over shin (leg area) XanthelasmaNacrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum (NLD) VitiligoAcanthosis Ngricans Pmritus.Conclusion : It is important to realise that Diabetes can be asymptomatic and early diagnosis is mandatory which can prevent or postpone various complications of diabetes.*18\329\8*
As a mature adult, no doubt you’re considering what your future will be – when the kids leave home, when you achieve your career goals and have no further achievements to strive for, when you retire and change your lifestyle and possibly move from your home, your city and your state.
As a mature adult with diabetes, you have all these concerns, plus those that come with the fact you have this chronic disease with its possible complications.
All these considerations and concerns create stress. As a mature adult, you need to make plans now for how you will deal with these future stresses. With proper planning you can greatly reduce your risks for the debilitating stresses that come with growing older. Consider the alternative to growing older and you will have all the incentive in the world to work on your planning right now.
One of the biggest stresses in life is retirement. While it may relieve other stresses that come with working, more often than not it creates a whole new set of concerns.
A great deal of stress comes from not knowing what the future holds. Since you haven’t retired before, it’s difficult for you to know what lies ahead. This can be very stressful to anyone.
The key to handling the “unknowns” of retirement is to plan for that time. Make your own plan and you will remain in control over most of what will happen to you. The sooner you have created this retirement plan, the better off you will be and the more secure you will feel.
People, who work right up to the last minute without making any plans, and then jump into retirement, often do very poorly when their lives change abruptly. Change, in itself, is a major stress in anyone’s life.
Since you have just been diagnosed as having Type II diabetes, you have been handed a major stress. Your diabetes is going to be with you when you retire, so you need to plan, now, for how you’re going to control it – today, tomorrow, and two decades from now. Once your diabetes plan is established, you can go on to other retirement planning.
Here are some of the things you need to consider in the retirement plan you develop:
• Think about what you will be doing with your time when you retire. Would you like to travel? Volunteer with a civic or service group? Dust off those tools and get your workshop back in operation? Start a hobby or activity you just haven’t had time to do in the past?
• Think about where the funds are going to come from and how much you’ll have to spend during your retirement years. If retirement is a number of years away, you may have time to set aside funds to make your life more comfortable and pleasurable in the future.
• Think about where and how you’ll be living. Are you planning to move to a smaller house or a more pleasant climate?
If you have problems working out your retirement plan, seek professional help. Talk to your physician about this or to your diabetes educator. A psychological counselor can also be a great help if you have difficulty handling the feelings you have about the future.
Accentuate the Positive
Life has its ups and downs. How you react to these swings is vitally important. If you can maintain a positive attitude toward life and do positive things about your life, you’ll be able to cope with the downs and enjoy the ups to the fullest.
*11/210/5*
As we have already said, food is digested by your body to provide fuel to your tissues and organs. The amount of fuel is measured in kilojoules.
Let’s go a little deeper into this subject. When food is digested in your stomach and intestines, it’s generally changed from protein, fat and carbohydrate into a substance called glucose (a simple sugar). Glucose is the primary substance cells use as fuel.
During the digestive process, the glucose obtained from the food enters the bloodstream, where it is carried to the cells. For the cells to be able to use this glucose, a hormone called insulin must be available. Insulin allows the glucose to leave the bloodstream and enter the cell where it can be used as fuel. If there isn’t enough insulin available, the glucose remains in the bloodstream, resulting in the high blood glucose levels diagnosed as diabetes.
The speed of the digestive process depends on the type of food being digested. Table sugar (a simple carbohydrate) is quickly converted into glucose, and the result is a sharp, high rise in blood glucose levels. A complex carbohydrate, such as whole-wheat bread, takes longer to be converted into glucose than a simple carbohydrate. As a result, a slice of whole-wheat bread doesn’t cause as high or as fast a spike in blood glucose levels as a teaspoon of sugar. A protein takes longer to be converted into glucose than a carbohydrate.
Ideally, it would seem, your diet should be composed solely of proteins, such as meat and dairy products, so the post-meal glucose levels would be moderate. In fact, such a diet was advocated by many “experts” early this century.
Unfortunately, man cannot live on meat alone. Your body requires a variety of nutrients – carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals – in order to remain healthy. The trick is to obtain a well-balanced variety of nutrients while still meeting your individual needs for reduced kilojoules intake and proper control of blood glucose levels.
What the experts have come up with is a recommendation that persons with diabetes follow an eating plan that provides fifty-five to sixty per cent of kilojoules from complex carbohydrates; twenty-five to thirty per cent of kilojoules from fat, and ten to fifteen per cent of kilojoules from protein.
After reading this, you may be tempted to go overboard on a high carbohydrate diet. Don’t do this. Meals containing large quantities of carbohydrate tend to elevate your blood glucose levels higher than meals consisting primarily of protein.
If you have just been diagnosed as having Type II diabetes, your first task is to work on normalizing your blood glucose levels. To do this, you need to shift away from carbohydrate foods that elevate these glucose levels. In so doing, you may find that you initially are eating about forty per cent carbohydrate. As your sugars improve you can slowly increase the carbohydrate content of your meals.
*15/210/5*